Culture of "Simulation" - interraction and adaptation

In her writing Life On The Screen, Sherry Turkle continuously reminds us the concept of computer being a culture of “simulation”. She contrasts the word “calculation” to “simulation” (19), and she describes how the computer was first thought to be a recessive “machine” but now, with all desktop interfaces, is an “organism” that can create “fluidity” and “interaction”.

It is certainly an argument with supportive evidences. Computers were first designed as a huge apparatus that can only solve somewhat complicated mathematical equations. They were not expected to deviate from providing the correct answer and their responses were absolute and rigid. How about now? Computers are constantly generating something unexpected. The internet was first planned to be an emergent system for governmental use when the nuclear war break out. But instead it turned its back against the government by slowly replacing the politically affiliated mass media such as televisions and newspapers.

We can even further argue that computer is sometimes uncontrollable due to its ability to generate unpredictable results. We make robots. Robots need a set of programming done in order to function properly. While ‘robot’ is a word often used to describe someone doing repetitive works without thinking, how do we actually know that robots would not generate any unexpectedness? A Youtube video posted by Cornell Creative Machine Lab caught my attention recently:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is programmed by humans. In this video, the two AIs started to lie to the opponent and even used some irony to attack the opponent's comments. The bots are, therefore, so advanced now that they can (or at least attempt to) deceive each other. Did the programmers expect this? It clearly says in the uploader’s comment that programmers “certainly never expected this...”, which confirms Sherry Turkle’s expectation that intelligence emerges “from the interactions of small subprograms” (20).

As one of the comments say, the two AIs are “ADAPTING”. Adaptation means changes, not amorphous, and evolution. Sherry Turkle’s view of computer being a culture of “simulation” is, thus, confirmed by a recent real life demonstration.